Drawing on a wide range of sources, including recently declassified government documents, court records, and personal interviews with intelligence officials. Al manar has reported that the hezbollah attack included a fajr3 and a raad 1 liquidfuel missiles, developed by iran. The struggle of hezbollah against israel is a striking case study of applying psychological. To further increase its chances of winning the hearts and minds of the population vital to any resistance group hezbollah gradually established a wideranging propaganda machine. Many political movements and organizations in the arab world publish in print, and. Its television station, almanar, has afforded the group with a platform from which it can project an image that accentuates the members good qualities while opposing any defects. Inside hezbollahs thirtyyear struggle against israel blanford, nicholas on. Hezbollah as a case study of the battle for hearts and. The israelhamashezbollah conflict introduction a multidimensional conflict1 hezbollahs2 july 12, 2006, attack in northern israel, in which two israeli soldiers were kidnapped, elic ited an israeli military respons e that again embroiled the region in a multidimensional conflict. His book on the art of war is still considered a classic and quoted in books and articles. Hezbollah attacks have penetrated as far south as hadera in central israel, as well as israels third largest city haifa, and atlit and the jezreel valley cities of nazareth and afula.
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this act, the president shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees and leadership a report on the following. Once these issues have been addressed, the article can be renominated. Hezbollah marks major triumph as qusayr tips back into assad camp. Hezbollah solidified psychological warfare as an integral capability for the organizations success, and synchronized it with classical terrorist kinetic. Hezbollahs use of the instruments of power in their irregular warfare strategy. Hezbollahs media strategies and the articulation of a peopl. The organizer of the group is a journalist who was close to hezbollah a decade ago, having been the host of a program on al manar, the hezbollah television channel, while another, also a. Syrian state media and the hezbollahrun almanar television station. Since its emergence, hezbollah has arguably become one of the model global guerrilla, terrorist, and insurgent organizations of the world. Almanar was a good articles nominee, but did not meet the good article criteria at the time. Inside hezbollahs thirtyyear struggle against israel. Almanar, the selfproclaimed station of the resistance, qanat almuqawama is a key player in what hezbollah calls its psychological warfare against the zionist enemy 171 172 and an integral part of hezbollahs plan to spread its message to the entire arab world. There are suggestions below for improving the article. The president must be a christian, the prime minister is a sunni muslim, and the speaker of the national assembly is a shia muslim.
Hezbollah launched the station in 1991 99 with the help of iranian funds. This is what deputy secretary of state richard armitage had in mind a few months ago when he pinned this label on hezbollah. Hezbollah s contact in the press, ibrahim mousawi, turned down any request for a response or for joining the organization members on any type of activity. Gideons clash with the midyanites judges 6 is usually considered an early example where psychological warfare was used in battle. Inside hezbollah s thirtyyear struggle against israel. Hezbollahs al manar television, in james forest ed. Atkins explains that the impetus for the founding of the lebanese hezbollah came from the hezbollah party formed in iran in 1978 by hadi ghaffary, a cleric with close ties to ayatollah, and that khomeini decided to export his islamic revolution and to form a hezbollah group among the shiites. The global footprint of lebanons party of god, by matthew levitt washington, dc. Hezbollah has been a master of propaganda and psychological warfare since it.
Conflicting information strategies in the 2006 lebanese. Secretariesgeneral subhi altufayli abbas almusawi hassan nasrallah v t e hezbollah has the armed strength of a mediumsized army. Hezbollah, syria army launch attack on lebanon border. Syrian state media and the hezbollah run al manar television station, which has a reporter in qusayr, said that the town had. Al manar the beacon is the official television station of the lebanonbased hizbullah, the iraniansupported shiite movement that appears on every u. Al manar, the selfproclaimed station of the resistance, qanat al muqawama is a key player in what hezbollah calls its psychological warfare against the zionist enemy and an integral part of hezbollah s plan to spread its message to the entire arab world. Almanar calls itself the station of resistance, and is instrumental in what hezbollah calls its psychological warfare against the israelis. Almanar was designated as a specially designated global terrorist entity, and banned by the united states in december 2004. Hezbollah also transliterated hizbullah, hizballah, etc. Hezbollahs contact in the press, ibrahim mousawi, turned down any request for a response or for joining the organization members on any type of activity.
While hezbollah is an irregular force, it has demonstrated the successful use and blending of both irregular and conventional warfare, in what is known as hybrid warfare. The israelihezbollah war of 2006 brookings institution. Hezbollah of the year 2006 is a pragmatic terrorist organization that is wellarmed, welltrained, and equipped with highly sophisticated weaponry. Inside hezbollah s thirtyyear struggle against israel blanford, nicholas on. Aug 04, 2006 the organizer of the group is a journalist who was close to hezbollah a decade ago, having been the host of a program on al manar, the hezbollah television channel, while another, also a.
Jan 06, 2016 two weeks after the assassination of its notorious member samir quntar, hezbollah finally carried out its repeated threats to retaliate against israel at 3. The battle for hearts and minds in the second lebanon war was spearheaded by almanar tv, which survived and remained on the air, even after the israeli air force bombed its building in a southern suburb of beirut. Judith harik a twenty years lecturer at aub has achieved a comprehensive and highly detailed history of hezbollah. Zionist media says almanar report on general gerstein. Almanar has reported that the hezbollah attack included a fajr3 and a raad 1 liquidfuel missiles. Pdf the 2006 war between israel and hezbollah had a significant. Sun tsu, general and scholar, lived in fifth century b. Until the fateful date of july 12, 2006, when the hezbollah triggered the second lebanon war, israel was accounted an important world power in the development of electronic warfare systems so much so that a symbiotic relationship evolved for the research and development of many us and israeli, combatproven electronic warfare systems. Hezbollah as a case study of the battle for hearts and minds. Military operations of the 2006 lebanon war refer to armed engagements initiated by israel and lebanese hezbollah during the 2006 conflict. Confronting information strategies in the 2006 lebanese war. In recent years, from the late 1990s until the present, it has become commonplace to read and hear arguments and speculation about what hezbollahs agenda is in lebanon.
Editors may also seek a reassessment of the decision if they believe there was a mistake. Almanar and was among the first terrorist organizations to. Almanar, the selfproclaimed station of the resistance, qanat almuqawama is a key player in what hezbollah calls its psychological warfare against the zionist enemy and an integral part of hezbollahs plan to spread its message to the entire arab world. Hezbollah marks major triumph as qusayr tips back into assad. They can fire a rpg through a swinging tire while hanging upside down on a bike moving at 90 kmph down a hill and having a cell phone conversation with their bosses.
At the same time, the guerrilla group launched katyusha rockets towards towns in northern galilee. Lebanese armed group and syrian soldiers attempting to clear fighters from the juroud arsal mountainous border area. To be relevant hezbollah started with the israeli invasion of lebanon. Hezbollah, the party of allah, is a lebanese muslim terrorist organization, established with syrian support in 1982 during the first lebanon war operation peace for the galilee. Hezbollah may be the ateam of terrorists and maybe alqaeda is. It is a narrative woven tightly into the fabric of arab politics and psychology, denied only. Hezbollah are the best soldiers in the world and the best trained army in the world. Al manar calls itself the station of resistance, and is instrumental in what hezbollah calls its psychological warfare against the israelis. Hezbollah secretary general sayyed hasan nasrallah stressed on friday that israel has committed a historic mistake and a great folly by striking syrias t4 airport, which brought it into direct combat with iran. Hezbollah learned and utilised the power of media and exploits it fully by the use of its own media tools.
Hezbollah network almanar available to wider international. Al manar, the selfproclaimed station of the resistance, qanat al muqawama is a key player in what hezbollah calls its psychological warfare against the zionist enemy 171 172 and an integral part of hezbollah s plan to spread its message to the entire arab world. Hezbollah network almanar available to wider international audience. In parallel, federico prizzi told almanar channel that his book is under the name of almanar psychological warfare which hezbollah engaged in during the 33 day war with israel. Jun 05, 20 hezbollah marks major triumph as qusayr tips back into assad camp. Hezbollah may be the ateam of terrorists and maybe al qaeda is. Conflicting information strategies in the 2006 lebanese war. He said that the book includes analyses on how the islamic resistance, through some thousands of fighters, fought israeli and defeated it. Hezbollah responds to israeli assassination of commander.
Hizbollah is an islamic movement founded after the israeli military seizure of lebanon in 1982, which resulted in the formation of islamic resistance units committed to the liberation of the. The israeli psychological warfare campaign during the 2006 lebanon war article pdf available in terrorism and political violence 212. Two weeks after the assassination of its notorious member samir quntar, hezbollah finally carried out its repeated threats to retaliate against israel at 3. Hezbollahs military strategy is unique and effective because of the way it combines unconventional and psychological warfare. Wars have changed in recent times in many ways, not least because of the role played in warfare by the media and communication technologies. Hezbollah is an irregular force, influenced by irregular warfare theory. How does hezbollah s media wing run psychological warfare.
It was launched by hezbollah in 1991 with funding from iran. Beirut airport and the broadcasting station of al manar the hezbollah tv channel were bombed. It has become a potent instrument, keeping the arab world focused on the palestinianisraeli conflict. The hezbollahs sophistication as an 4gw entity is demonstrated by its principles of warfare. Sources generally agree that hezbollahs strength in conventional warfare compares favorably to state. The main goal of the book is to determine whether hezbollah is a legitimate resistance fighting the israeli aggressor, as many in the arab world believe, or simply a terrorist organization as listed by the united states and other. Intl plots to exploit lebanons protests, higlights hezbollah power in response. Hezbollah uses its fighting force to wage an irregular warfare campaign against israel.
Hezbollah marks major triumph as qusayr tips back into. The irony is that the early hezbollah members actually welcomed israel coming in and taking care of the palestinians who were operating out of there. In the fall of 2002, as the bush administration was focused. A video that aired on the hezbollah television station almanar showed hezbollah fighters camping out in the desolate mountains surrounding palmyra and advancing on. Oct, 2006 how hezbollah defeated israel by alastair crooke mark perry israels decision to launch a ground war to accomplish what its air force had failed to do was made hesitantly and haphazardly. Our enemies have skillfully adapted to fighting wars in todays media age, but for the most part we, our country, our government, has not adapted. Hezbollah lebanons party of god is a multifaceted organisation. Hezbollah also defeated israel in 2000 when it forced the state to unilaterally withdraw from southern lebanon after an 18year occupation. In her book massmediated terrorism, brigitte nacos discusses one instance in which. Sep 11, 2011 hezbollah solidified psychological warfare as an integral capability for the organizations success, and synchronized it with classical terrorist kinetic operations to create an influence warfare methodology,2 moving hezbollahs operations toward achieving its politicalmilitary goals to eliminate israel, dominate lebanon, and facilitate. Almanar the beacon is a television station based in beirut, lebanon. How hezbollah defeated israel by alastair crooke mark perry israels decision to launch a ground war to accomplish what its air force had failed to do was made hesitantly and haphazardly. The israeli media commented on almanar s report, considering that it comes in the context of hezbollah warfare against the entity and recommending that the israel public must not have access to such media productions for they promote the partys power versus the zionist weakness.
Al manar the beacon is a television station based in beirut, lebanon. Although hezbollah s psychological warfare strategy contributed greatly to these two successes, there also are other factors that contributed to israels failures. The war in lebanon began on july 12, when hezbollah launched a surprise. His book on the art of war is still considered a classic and quoted in books and articles on modern forms of warfare, including cyberwars and. Almanar was designated as a specially designated global terrorist entity, and banned by the united states on 17 december 2004. It is far more dangerous than the revolutionary hezbollah of the 1980s due to both the means at its disposal and the double faced policy it employs. The art of war has inevitably felt the consequences of the information revolution that has left traces in all. Please give us one minute to participate in the user experience survey about almanar website. The third section examines how hezbollah shapes its narrative in order to highlight its strengths and minimize its weaknesses on an international stage. Conflicting reports say almanar, the hezbollahowned and operated television.
Almanar the beacon is the official television station of the lebanonbased hizbullah, the iraniansupported shiite movement that appears on every u. Psychological operations during the israellebanon war 2006. Hezbollah secretary general sayyed hasan nasrallah stressed on friday that israel has committed a historic mistake and a great folly by striking syrias t4 airport. Hezbollah and israel fought each other in the 2006 lebanon war. Alahed, the newspaper, alnour, the radio station and most importantly, the tvstation almanar. This is an accepted manuscript of a book chapter published by routledge in islamism and cultural. The israeli media commented on almanars report, considering that it comes in the context of hezbollah warfare against the entity and recommending that the israel public must not have access to such media productions for they promote the partys power versus the zionist weakness. Military operations of the 2006 lebanon war wikipedia. In his writings on hezbollah, ron schleifer states when deciding on and planning an operation the hezbollah would calculate its psychological impact on the enemy.